Tout sur l'Économie du Gabon. Tout sur l'Économie du Gabon, Business, lois, marche, PME et PMI gabonaises, BVMAC.
Thursday, December 11, 2008
Saturday, July 5, 2008
BON
Wanna get rich quick?
If you want a high return, you'll have to accept a high degree of risk.
Maybe you're in the lucky position of making a little more money than you need to live on. Or maybe you've just received some cash you're not planning to spend for a long time, allowing you to stomach the ups and downs of, say, a tech investment.
In either case, putting a portion of your resources into a high-risk investment may make sense. Just make sure you're ready for the downside as well as the upside.
If you want to take on risk, we have seven strategies for you to consider:
1) Concentrate.
Diversification is great because it reduces risk. But at some point, you might want to build on your nicely diversified core with a big chunk of risk concentrated in one sector.
"If you're looking to do better than the average return, the only way is to reduce your diversification," says Jordan Kimmel, author of Magnet Investing and president of Magnet Investment Group in Randolph, N.J.
Concentration will increase your risk, and Kimmel says that's good, in the right circumstances.
Who should be "non-diversified"?
"You have to be willing to accept short-term volatility as the prerequisite for making money," he says. "The investments that have the smallest volatility also have the smallest end returns."
2) Leverage up.
One quick way to increase your risk and your potential return (as well as your downside) is to borrow money for your investment, usually through a margin account at a brokerage firm.
Tim Phillips of Phillips & Co., a wealth-management firm in Portland, Ore., suggests that moderate leverage is a way for clients to enhance their returns. But they need to be careful.
It's true that leverage can generate a return on money you don't have, but it generates an outsized risk as well. Pay attention now, get-rich-quick fans: Users of margin loans need to be keenly aware that a drop in the value of an investment can result in a margin call, requiring additional capital. Investors who can't pay can be wiped out.
3) Hunt for bargains.
As Chicago Cubs fans know, loving the underdog can be painful, but sometimes it pays off big. (Maybe this year? Nah.) That's why Phillips recommends that investors consider distressed securities, such as bonds
Tuesday, March 4, 2008
Saturday, February 2, 2008
News
Microsoft corp. placed a bol billions de dollars bet that to buing Yahoo Inc.
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
Gabon : La micro finance à l’étude à Libreville
Un séminaire sous-régional de formation et de perfectionnement sur ''Les risques, le contrôle interne et l'optimisation de la performance des institutions de micro finance'', a été ouvert le 28 janvier dernier à Libreville par le directeur général de l'Office national du développement rural (Onader), Dr Daniel Obame Ondo.
Un atelier sous régional de formation et d’amélioration des performances des institutions de micro finance en matière de gestion des risques de fuite de capitaux, de contrôle interne et d’optimisation des performances s’est ouvert depuis le 28 janvier dernier à Libreville.Co-organisé par le département Administration Gestion de l'université Senghor d'Alexandrie en Egypte, et l'Institut Supérieur des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales (ISSEC) de Libreville, ce séminaire a pour objectif d'instruire et de former les cadres africains originaires des pays membres de la Communauté économiques des Etats d'Afrique centrale (CEMAC), sur les méthodes et les outils de gestion d'une institution de micro finance, en vue de développer les compétences requises dans ce domaine.Les participants vont, trois jours durant, tabler sur les négociations et accès aux sources de financement de micro finance, sur les outils et techniques de gestion des institutions de micro finance mais également enfin sur la planification stratégique et opérationnelle au sein d'une institution de micro finance (IMF).Des délégués en provenance de la Guinée Equatoriale, du Cameroun, du Tchad, du Congo Brazzaville et la République centrafricaine, prennent part à ces travaux aux côtés de ceux du Gabon.
Friday, January 11, 2008
SITUATION IN GABON
Issue 21, February - May 2005 Antoine Lawson
Date de parution : dimanche 23 octobre 2005.
Gabon is a small equatorial country with a population of just over 1.2 million, located on Central Africa’s Atlantic coast. Gabon became independent in 1960 and, reflecting its colonial heritage, economic, linguistic and cultural ties with France remain strong.
LIBREVILLE, 23 octobre (Infosplusgabon) - President Omar Bongo Ondimba, in office since 1967, was re-elected in December 1998 with 66 % of the vote. President Bongo’s party and coalition partners hold a large parliamentary majority and have held almost all ministerial appointments in recent governments. The nation boasts a stable history.
Gabon’s economy is dominated by oil. Oil revenues comprise 65% of government budget, 43% of gross domestic product (GDP), and 81% of exports. Gabon’s oil revenues have given it a strong per capita GDP of more than $4,500, extremely high for the region, but the income distribution is highly skewed and poor social indicators are evident.
Approximately 5% of the population receives over 90% of the income/wealth. The economy is highly dependent on the extraction of abundant primary materials. After oil, logging and manganese mining are the other economic drivers.
Timber exports in 1998 were 1.8 million cubic meters (worth $282 million) and about 2.4 million cubic meters in 1999. Manganese exports were just over 2 million metric tons in 1998 and 1999 (worth $139 million).
Gabon remains highly dependent on imports and France remains the leading supplier, with 39% of total imports. The United States accounted for only 6% of Gabon’s imports. The United States sells oil field and other heavy equipment to Gabon and is becoming more active in provision of telecommunications and information technology products.
Targeted privatisation of the telecommunications and other parastatal companies may provide other opportunities. Two new cell phone licenses have been awarded, but interconnectivity with the existing network has still not been established.
Internet access has in principle been opened, but in practice the state telecom company (OPT) still controls access. The United States was the main destination for Gabon’s exports (about 68 % of the total) in 1998, because of oil purchases.
Observers have consistently lamented the lack of transformation of primary materials in the Gabonese economy. Various factors have stymied more diversification of the economy. These include a small market of 1,2 million people, dependence on French imports, inability to capitalise on regional markets, lack of “entrepreneurial zeal” amongst the Gabonese population, and the fairly regular stream of oil “rent”.
Oil production has however declined rapidly in recent years. Output has decreased from its high point of 370 000 barrels per day in 1997 to around 250 000 barrels per day and the country’s status as the continent’s third biggest oil producer has been taken by neighbouring Equatorial Guinea, which only discovered oil in 1995.
Gabon’s increasing modest economic prospects are owing to falling oil production, and despite the fact that the output from the Rabi-Kounga oilfield has stabilised, oil prices have gone up, and a rising US interest in African oil has encouraged the exploitation of Gabon’s marginal oilfields.
Based on existing discoveries and announced development programmes, it is estimated that oil production edged down to 260 000 barrels/day in 2004, and that production will only reach 239 000 barrels/day in 2005. Gabon thus seeks to encourage and increase its openness to foreign investment and diversify its economic activity.
Gabon and its Central African neighbours are seeking increased trade and integration through the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). Gabon has significant potential as a regional hub for services, distribution and marketing and also offers a wealth of agricultural and fishery resources, which have been largely neglected and, as a result, are underdeveloped.
The majority of the population relies on subsistence farming, although complications such as tsetse flies make farming difficult in some areas. The small processing and service sectors are largely dominated by a few prominent local investors.
In an effort to diversify its economic activity away from oil, government is hoping to encourage investment in fisheries, port development and transport, timber processing and light industry. The government of Gabon has attempted various structural reforms, the most significant of which is the adoption of new labour and forestry codes.
Improvements in governance and to the civil service have also been made. Although revision and simplification of the investment charter were completed in late 1998 however, they have not been fully implemented, and revisions of the mining, forestry, and labour codes have also been written, but not fully adopted by the national assembly. The country’s investment code contains incentives similar to those found in other Francophone African countries. For instance, there are no restrictions on introducing foreign capital into Gabon, and funds may be transferred freely for commercial transactions within the zone and abroad through regular banking channels overseen by the regional Central Bank.
Unfortunately poor fiscal management has hindered the economy in the past. Government overspending in 1998 in the face of falling oil revenues and weak timber prices caused a government budget crisis and economic recession in 1999.
Overspending on the Transgabonais railroad, the oil price shock of 1986, the CFA franc devaluation of 1994, and low oil prices in the late 1990s also caused serious debt problems. Gabon thus earned a poor reputation with the Paris Club and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the management of its debt and revenues.
Successive IMF missions have criticised the government for overspending on off-budget items, over-borrowing from the Central Bank, and slipping on the schedule for privatisation and administrative reform. Following the January 1994 devaluation of the CFA Franc, used by Gabon and 12 other primarily French-speaking African countries, Gabon qualified for a three-year Extended Financing Facility (EFF) with the IMF and reschedulings at the Paris and London Clubs.
Key requirements of the IMF/World Bank economic adjustment programme were the privatisation of commercially viable parastatal firms, administrative reform and audits of government revenue and arrears. The public utilities firm, Société d’énergie et d’eau du Gabon (SEEG), was privatised by long-term concession in 1997, but Gabon has since slipped against other targets, and the IMF programme lapsed in 1999.
A 15-month Stand-By Arrangement between the government and the IMF was negotiated in June 2004.
At present therefore, opportunities in the petroleum sector still remain the most attractive for US and French companies, particularly in exploration, oil field services and drilling, and the oil industry remains key to the economy of the country and is its most important natural resource.
In particular, the upstream oil industry is its major source of foreign exchange, accounting for the majority of all exports. The downstream oil industry is also well-developed with an oil refinery at Port Gentil (economic capital) and a number of international oil companies active in the distribution and marketing of petroleum products.
The government has realised that the oil sector needs a new regulatory framework, and is at pains to reassure oil companies that revisions will be done in close consultation with them. Gabon’s oil industry predates many of those in the Gulf of Guinea and senior oil officials concede there are areas of legislation that would benefit from updating.
Former General manager of Hydrocarbon Roger Sickout comments that “A number of Gabon’s oil fields are approaching the end of their productive life and would be abandoned. Big fields have lower exploitation and production costs than the smaller fields, which means that the decline of Rabi (Gabon’s most important oil field) will have a disproportionately negative effect on state revenues”.
In early February 2004, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited Gabon and signed key bilateral trade accords on oil exploration.
SECTEURS DINVESTISSEMENTS
Le potentiel du Gabon demeure très important, une partie seulement du territoire ayant à ce jour été explorée. En outre, même dans les régions ayant déjà été explorées, de nombreux gisements restent inexploités, à l'exemple des gisements de fer de Belinga, de niobium et de phosphate de Mabounié ou de Barytine de Dourekiki. C'est la raison pour laquelle les investissements devraient s'orienter non seulement dans l'exploitation des gisements connus, mais également dans la recherche ou l'approfondissement de nouveaux indices.A ce titre, 2 projets méritent de retenir l'attention des potentiels investisseurs: (détails)
Le Bois
Le potentiel commercial du Gabon est estimé à 400 millions de m³, dont 130 millions pour l'Okoumé, contre une production annuelle qui oscille entre 2 et 3 millions de m³ de grumes.Il reste donc énormément de marge que le Gabon entend exploiter plus rationnellement en favorisant l'industrialisation de la filière et le reboisement.C'est la raison pour laquelle les investissements devraient, en priorité, s'orienter non seulement vers la transformation du bois, mais également vers le reboisement pour limiter la déforestation.
Le Tourisme
La structure touristique au Gabon comprend: des agences de tourisme; des réceptifs; des tours opérateurs; des centres de loisirs; de nombreux sites et réserves touristiques (Iguéla, Sainte Anne, Lopé, Wonga-Wongé, lac bleu...).On distingue plusieurs formes de tourisme:
Le tourisme gastronomique;
Le tourisme balnéaire;
Le tourisme culturel;
Le tourisme de découverte;
Le tourisme d'affaires.En ce qui concerne le touisme d'affaires, le Gabon est aujourd'hui le carrefour des conférences en Afrique Centrale parce que disposant d'un parc hôtelier et de salles de conférences adaptés. Compte tenu de sa position géographique stratégique, de sa stabilité politique et de la paix sociale qui y règne, le Gabon est amené à devenir une destination centrale pour tous ceux qui souhaitent développer des affaires ou découvrir l'Afrique Centrale. Cela se matérialise depuis quelques temps par une activité croissante du secteur hôtelier qui, en 2000, a réalisé un chiffre d'affaires supérieur à 13 milliards FCFA pour un taux d'occupation supérieur à 50%.C'est la raison pour laquelle les investissements devraient, en priorité, porter sur le secteur hôtelier, sur l'aménagement de sites touristiques et de centres de loisirs, et sur la protection de l'environnement pour une meilleure préservation de la nature.Le projet de construction d'un village touristique sous l'équateur (détails) va dans ce sens.
L'Agriculture
On distingue 3 types de cultures:
Les cultures vivrières;
Les cultures maraîchères;
Les cultures de rente.Concernant les 2 premières, l'offre locale reste inférieure à la demande, ce qui explique la persistance des importations.Parallèlement, les cultures de rente, malgré une demande internationale soutenue, voient leurs exportations décliner du fait des difficultés financières rencontrées par les grandes entreprises du secteur.C'est la raison pour laquelle les investissements devraient, en priorité, non seulement s'orienter vers un accroissement de l'offre locale de produits vivriers et maraichers pour laquelle une demande réelle existe, mais également s'intéresser à la privatisation très prochaine d'Hévégab (hévéaculture, production de caoutchouc) ainsi qu'à la restructuration d'Agrogabon (Agro-industries, production d'huile de palme et produits dérivés).Enfin, la politique gouvernementale accordant une importance particulière à l'industrialisation de la filière agricole, tout investissement dans ce domaine est le bienvenu.
La Pêche
Les activités de pêche sont subdivisées en 4 grandes catégories:
La pêche artisanale;
La pêche continentale;
La pêche industrielle;
L'aquaculture.En plus de l'aquaculture qui demeure encore très peu développée malgré un potentiel très important, les 2 premières formes de pêche sont celles qui participent le plus à la lutte contre la pauvreté, car réalisées par des populations rurales, donc à faible revenus pour la plupart.
La Route
Moyen de transport le moins cher et le plus usité, elle doit permettre, en toutes saisons et dans les meilleures conditions possibles, le transport des personnes et des biens non seulement à l'intérieur des frontières nationales, mais également entre le Gabon et les autres pays de la sous-région.C'est la raison pour laquelle a été retenu, eu égard à l'abondance des précipitations au Gabon, le bitumage des axes routiers intégrateurs identifiés dans le cadre du NEPAD (Kougouleu-Medouneu, Alembé-Lastourville, Fougamou-Ndendé-Doussala) et permettant de relier le Gabon à la Guinée Equatoriale et au Congo (details).Enfin, eu égard à l'importance du parc automobile au Gabon et dans le reste de la sous-région, et de la prépondérance des modèles japonais, il est indiqué d'envisager la construction d'une usine de pièces détachées dans le pays.
Les aéroports
Le Gabon se situe dans l'un des 2 principaux couloirs de transport aérien qui traversent l'Afrique Centrale, couloir emprunté chaque année par plus de 5000 vols internationaux.La stabilité du pays aidant, son principal aéroport international (Libreville) est de plus en plus sollicité, avec un trafic sans cesse croissant, d'où la nécessité d'adapter ledit aéroport.Le projet de construction de la deuxième aeroport doit permettre de répondre à cette préoccupation: (détails)
L'Education, la Recherche et la Santé
Ces 3 domaines sont ceux pour l'évolution desquels la coopération internationale est la plus indispensable. C'est la raison pour laquelle, afin de faire bénéficier le Gabon de l'expérience japonaise, et de permettre aux japonais de découvrir les avancées du Gabon en matière de recherche scientifique, une coopération plus étroite doit s'instaurer entre les 2 pays, coopération qui, entre autres, pourrait se matérialiser par la construction du centre hospitalo-universitaire de Libreville (détails).